Shipbridge over the IJssel River, painted by Berend Westenberg, Veessen 1813 Mid-November 1813, the first troops of the Sixth Coalition reached the Dutch part of Napoleon’s empire. Within a few weeks, the current Dutch territory was for the most part stripped of Napoleon’s military hold. The way this (self-?) liberation is viewed to this day, … Continue reading November-December 1813: the Netherlands liberated from Napoleon – multiple perspectives